The odors you are describing are usually associated with coal tar, asphalt (petroleum tar), and similar derivatives. Creosote was a pretty good answer. This can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like naphthalene or antracene that are especially pungent and persistent. These materials were used for treating wood against pests and rot, sealing roofs and as preservatives. Another possibility is that there was some kind of spill by a previous tenant that has soaked into the wood floors.
These materials have very low odor thresholds and are noxious to many people. While it would be possible to identify the contaminates with some analyses, you are looking at a few hundred dollars in testing. Identifying it isn’t going to solve the problem anyway. The solution lies in identifying the contaminated materials (flooring?) and removing and replacing it, or seal it. That is most likely something the property owner should participate in financially.